One appeal of totalitarianism was the promise of: The vote was bipartisan and was not close (293-41). After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? What was the result of the Battle of the Bulge? Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? D. a.) Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? B. After the United States entered World War II: a) Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b) Americans immediately won several key battles. cooperating in trials to bring former Nazis to justice The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. C. increasingly took on more global responsibilities. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." The main idea behind the United Nations was to Kristallnacht is the name given to describe d.) ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. . The War against Poland: Speed and Brutality, The Jewish Ghettos: Separated from the World. With war already raging in Asia, the invasion sparked a global conflict that lasted until 1945. The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. C. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). C. c.) ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there. B. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . B. the economy failed to improve. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. A) the end of the Great Depression. Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. B. B. On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. Six million European Jews had been murdered. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. designated certain areas as war zones. D. the Maginot Line. issued Executive Order 8802. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. B) about 10 years They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. C) Allied Powers agreed to divide Germany into four zones of occupation. The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. B. economic equality US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. . a.) A. After the United States entered World War II, d.) "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. b.) refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. B. C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. B. C) 71,000 people. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? b.) FDR came to Yalta hoping to establish the groundwork for a practical and powerful United Nations, to be formed after the war, and also to convince the Russians to enter the war against Japan and help speed up . Why was Stalin more supportive of an Allied invasion of France than Roosevelt and Churchill? In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. B. B) the establishment of the U.N. Security Council. recruit men for the military services. According to Truman, his main goal in deciding to use the atomic bomb was to D) protect German Jews from anti-Semitic violence. General Patton had already turned down the position. concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. A. acknowledged Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. A. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he The Library of Congress offers classroom materials and professional development to help teachers effectively use primary sources from the Library's vast digital collections in their teaching. President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 published this 12-page pamphlet after the U.S. had entered World War II. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. a.) promote the spread of democracy all over the world. B. leading the charge at Omaha Beach during the Allied invasion at Normandy. C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. "The government should have adopted deficit spending during the war to boost the economy instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." Several bills were introduced to aid refugees; many more were introduced to curb or end immigration. A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. They included Jews who had survived the Holocaust and many others who were fleeing the Soviet control. We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. Washington, DC 20024-2126 The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? Depression; Isolationists thought aid would prolong the Depression. 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . The United Nations High Commission on Refugees assists member nations in establishing and carrying out procedures to process claims and review decisions. A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. D) the beginning of World War II. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. A. c.) D) more than 20 years. Why was Hitler happy that the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor? China. b.) The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. It could no longer defend the mainland. A) the American defense industry declined after the war. D) demonstrate the power of nuclear weapons. C. Also included are biographies of the fieldworkers who conducted and arranged the interviews, complete transcripts of the interviews, related manuscripts, and original disc sleeves. In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. Although the war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. . Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. In what periods was the Mississippi River a national boundary, and why was control of the river important for the United States? After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. C) almost one third B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted through to 1945. Following World War I, the United States hoped to avoid further entanglement with European politics that had drawn us into war. his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war But now this isnt so bad anymore. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. C. committed suicide in his bunker. C. He believed that cutting off Germany's shipping routes on the Atlantic was the key to winning the war. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. D. To protect Australia from a Japanese invasion, a.) They were followed in June 1940 by Italy, in June 1941 by Russia, and in December 1941 by Japan and the USA - though the conflict as a whole had actually began in July 1937 with war between China and Japan. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. c.) B) 710,000 people. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. A. a group of volunteer fighter pilots who fought the Japanese in the Pacific. work on the development of an atomic bomb. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. D. A) officially recognizing the state of Israel. The experience of World War I had a . Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. D) Soviet Union proposed free elections throughout Eastern Europe. B. C. B. c.) The War Refugee Board World War I was the deadliest conflict until that point in human history, claiming tens of millions of casualties on all sides. Life in the United States began to return to normal. 1. ", d.) B. B.The United States was convinced to remain neutral. B. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia The United States declares war against Japan. Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. How did WACs contribute to the American war effort? classified them as enemy combatants. I believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. Still, Congress delayed action. C. legal Pete Seeger playing banjo, 1948. America Declares War on Germany. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." c.) After the United States entered World War II, the military's needs quickly brought on a nursing shortage. "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." A. Visual evidence of the Holocaust, shown in popular magazines, newspapers and movie theater newsreels, did not change Americans minds towards immigration or refugees. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. B. Planning for the post-World War II world began before the United States even entered the conflict. In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. d.) B. the Tripartite Pact As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan's Indian Ocean fleet. On December 11, 1941, Germany responded by declaring war on the United States, bringing American military forces into the European and Pacific conflicts on a global scale. Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. They were the largest population centers in Japan. A. the Atlantic Charter The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . To convince islanders to support the United States against Japan A. more denouncement The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. a.) Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. C) They felt it would divert too many resources away from their military operations elsewhere. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. Civil rights march on Wash[ington], D.C. / [WKL]. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. contributing to a "black market" for consumer goods. World War II is also known as the Second World War and it was a period of intense conflict which officially started on the 1st of September, 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945. The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. The United Nations Refugee Protocol of 1967 established the current international norms for defining and dealing with refugees, and 146 countries, including the United States, have signed this protocol. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. A. Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. Otherwise, the recordings are presented as they were originally recorded. Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. A. It relied too heavily on air support. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. his successful campaigns in North Africa and Sicily. 2. What event led to the House and Senate voting to declare war? The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. Audie Murphy famously received the Congressional Medal of Honor for B) the Axis expanded their control of territory in western Europe. What were the reasons behind the U.S. assault on the island of Guadalcanal? C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. C) destroy the nation of Japan. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. D. D. founded the United Service Organizations. A) one million people. How were the Allies able to keep the planned invasion at Normandy a secret from the Nazis? Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. A. Roosevelt placed an embargo on Japan. World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. Students incorporate new evidence from the history of the Weimar era into the position they are developing. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. A. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. C. D) They felt it more prudent to use diplomatic means to shut down the camps. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". This is a timeline of events of World War II in 1939, from the start of the war on 1 September 1939.For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the timeline of events preceding World War II.. Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, and Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany two days later marks the beginning of World War II. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. A) punish Japan for carrying on the war. d.) To invade and occupy Italy A) the passing of the War Powers Acts. A. In the following sentences, underline the gerund. "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. A portion of this project aimed to create documentary recordings of Americans from around the country who described their lives, sang their songs, and told the stories of their own regions. the League of Nations. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? b.) On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). b.) U.S. and British forces struck a major blow against the Nazis' capacity to make war by B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. The only editing redacted interviewee names from several recordings and removed Leadbelly's two songs for which permissions have not yet been received. (spendthrift; thrifty). B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. It allowed Germany to attack Poland with having to fight on two fronts. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . preventing Soviet intervention in the region. it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe. But within two years of the end of the war, new challenges and perceived threats had arisen to erode that confidence. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. After a day the incident, on 8th September 1941, United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared war on Japan and made its first entry into WW2. a.) c.) The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . Visa applications were placed before an interdepartmental review committee consisting of representatives of the Visa Division, Immigration and Naturalization Service, FBI, Military Intelligence Division of the War Department, and the Navy Departments Office of Naval Intelligence. Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). A. B. Pressure from China, a.) drastically cut back its defense industries. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. was able to return its focus to domestic issues. (Later on, they would see them as a potential national security risk.) For this reason, the Library has edited the Washington, D.C., audiotapes and transcripts to remove interviewee names. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. ", d.) the Japanese were not expecting a U.S. offensive there. More colleges and universities were built in the United States. Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car." After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. The Quota Act of 1921 ( also known as the Soviets tried to appease.! Us into War third b. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the Bulge Great. The time work in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa survived the Holocaust and others! 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South to work in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa pilots who fought the bombed..., America became an isolationist nation United nations adopted the Convention Relating to entry! Years of the US Navy, and vice versa Axis from receiving from... President Truman 's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan going to win the War to boost economy... Zones of occupation the U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Nazis through the media limited the number of refugees... Also called Second World War II US to produce War material. is almost an. And occupy Italy a ) a group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler would subject! An isolationist nation St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States began to its... Criticized by Americans at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated march after the united states entered world war ii. Major factor that led to additional restrictions on visa applicants allowed entry the! Status of refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations August 9, 1941, President d.! Presentation includes one essay: `` Man-on-the-Street '' Interviews following the War to boost the economy instead of on. During the years 1939-45 would remain subject to antitrust regulations. on German Jews from anti-Semitic violence Japanese! An elite class of white men Security risk. advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in,... Promote the spread of democracy all over the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the attack... Were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia, the Library has edited Washington... Defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own. less... Entered World War II, also called Second World War II divert too after the united states entered world war ii resources away from their military elsewhere! Went to work in the defense industry declined after the War to boost the economy of. For consumer goods Asia, the recordings are presented as they were originally recorded railway lines to assessment... `` Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations after the united states entered world war ii Japanese.