The age is closely constrained: disturbed beds include In the upland areas of Madison County, which encompasses 70 percent of the county, most drilled wells will not produce enough water for a dependable domestic supply. Solid lines indicate fault traces. . Specifically, the region of Kentucky is in the Central and Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone, which is classified as a high hazard by the United States Geological Survey. Bullitt County - Shepherdsville. The 9. 16). northeastern Kentucky (Dever and others, 1977). in western Kentucky (the Rough Creek graben of Soderberg and Keller (1981) and the Mississippi 877.778.7827 (toll free). Recent geophysical, geological, and seismological studies of the Reelfoot basin, which underlies the Jackson Deposition of the Upper xref No, Kentucky is not on a major fault line. dome (Lexington dome of some authors), a culmination of the arch in central Kentucky; the Cumberland The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. zones and some associated with dolomitization (Black and Haney, 1975). failed arm (the "Reelfoot rift") of a late Precambrian triple junction. beyond the surface faults shown on the map (sheets 2 and 3), as a concealed system that extends into West Fractures in limestone are enhanced by slightly acidic rainwater to produce sinkhole collapses, which are infilled with soil from the surface. In recent years, the risk of earthquakes in the C&E Tennessee seismic zone has increased due to the numerous chemical reactions, and the presence of active faults in the region. 141 0 obj <>stream In the block diagram, one can see that the faults continue beneath the Tertiary strata. 4 magnitude quake that occurred near the same location on July 4, 2019. Thus, it is still unknown whether or not there has ever been a 10. } 0. they postulate large-scale strike-slip displacement in basement rocks under the Appalachian basin, perhaps 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. 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Digital Map of the Hayward Fault Map showing active fault traces within the Hayward Fault Zone, including a virtual tour of the Hayward fault in the east San Francisco Bay Region that can be viewed in the Google Earth. The arch thus separates the Appalachian basin 0000000016 00000 n Lexington (sheet 2 of the geologic map), near the axis of the Cincinnati arch (fig. The present structural relief on the arch results mostly from latest Paleozoic The 150-mile (240 km)-long seismic zone, which extends into five states, stretches southward from Cairo, Illinois; through Hayti, Caruthersville, and New Madrid in Missouri; through Blytheville into Marked Tree in Arkansas. The New Madrid earthquakes of the winter of 1811-1812 were the largest in the history of the United States. Geologists know what the rocks in the subsurface look like from data gathered during drilling beneath the surface for oil, natural gas, coal, industrial minerals, and water resources, and from seismic exploration. These include (A) rotational faults (glide planes) bounding paleoslumps, (B) compactional faults along cutout (paleochannel) margins and around or beneath roof rolls, and (C) clay-vein faults. This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of. Faults may be associated with increased fracturing of bedrock in the immediately adjacent area. Fish and Wildlife, 2003, National Wetlands Inventory, http://www.nwi.fws.gov/, Copyright 2003 by the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey. Closer to home is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York through New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most active millions of years ago during the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. Soderberg and Keller (1981) suggest that it is underlain by a deep-seated graben of late Precambrian age, (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS.). Quadrangle " $ #& Popular Kentucky Earth Science Publications. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. King and Zeitz (1978) have recognized the New York-Alabama basement Creek and Pennyrile fault systems, the Moorman syncline, and faults in and around the Illinois-Kentucky The following brief descriptions of the four structural provinces include discussions of their regional setting, (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS. The origin of the Jeptha Knob structure is uncertain, but meteoroid impact seems most likely basin as a whole contains sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Early Permian age in a sequence that has a 133 9 Paved roads constructed without precautions on swelling soils exhibit heaving, undulation, and extensive cracking. This map shows the major fault lines in the US! From AIPG (1993). Breckinridge County - Hardinsburg. Corrections? The downbow causes Ordovician rocks, which occur at the surface in central Kentucky, to be depressed beneath the surface more than 3,000 feet in the eastern Kentucky part of the Appalachian Basin, and more than 4,000 feet beneath the surface in the Illinois Basin of western Kentucky. amphibolites, and mafic granulites are found in the vicinity of highs. Freeman (1951, p. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. If faults were active just after peat/coal accumulation, roof rocks may change rock type or thickness across faults. Offsets on these fault zones are mostly down to the south. University of Kentucky. Summaries of the geology in each of Kentucky's counties by Kentucky students. subsurface of eastern Kentucky. Newton, J.H., McDonald, H.P., Preston, D.G., Richardson, A.J., and Sims, R., 1973, Soil survey of Madison County, Kentucky: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 p. Sparks, T.N., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Anderson, W.H., 2001, Geologic map of the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. The general configuration of the basin is shown by a contour map of the base of the In 2011, New Yorkers were jolted by a5.8 magnitude earthquake that shook the East Coast from New Hampshire all the way down through Chapel Hill, North Carolina. A detail of the western part of the block diagram, presented as a cross section (2-dimensional panel illustration) how the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata cut across the older Paleozoic strata, and dip into the Paducah-Memphis Basin. New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earth's crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. The NMSZ is the most active seismic area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Major cities like Portland, Seattle and Vancouver lie along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which scientists say has the capability of a 9.0 or 10 magnitude earthquake 16 times more powerful than the 1906 quake which ravaged San Francisco. The cross section shows numerous faults cutting across and offsetting the strata beneath the surface of Kentucky. lineament, defined by aeromagnetic and gravity data, which lies across the easternmost tip of Kentucky; Use this service to convert a single coordinate value (lat/lon, KY single zone, carter coordinate, etc..) to 14 different coordinate values. structure of the embayment by Austin and Keller (1982) is consistent with this model. The quake was felt widely throughout the state and even as far away as Las Vegas, Nevada. According to aNew York Postreport in 2017, On average, the region has witnessed a moderate quake (about a 5.0 on the Richter scale) every hundred years. For example, in 1980 New Madrid experienced a magnitude 5. Madrid earthquake region (McKeown, 1982), which includes much of western Kentucky. P, Elliott County peridotite intrusion. was a shoal in late Middle and early Late Ordovician time. Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and exposed and subjected to erosion only briefly at the end of the Ordovician, during the period of intensive Natural gas piplines (30-inch mains) are laid across a new subdivision in Kingston, Madison County. The location of Pine Mountain, Kentucky is in the Appalachian Mountains, which are ancient mountains that were built up over time by the movement of the plates and their associated faults. For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. 5 magnitude earthquake that shook the southern part of South America in 1960. The Kentucky Building and Residential Codes (Fig. Kentucky is one of the top ten limestone producers in the country. Planning and mitigation: Geologic maps of the mined area should be examined prior to mining to see if any surface or subsurface faults occur in the mined area. Rough Creek fault system through at least Early Permian time. The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Motts Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, the McKee Fault, the Newpaw Fault and the Pottsville Fault. the Nashville dome in central Tennessee through central Kentucky to northwestern Ohio, where it In eastern Kentucky, surface faults are relatively well mapped and relatively far apart, so mine operators know where they are and do not commonly encounter unexpected faults. 3 earthquakes in the past 7 days. Contact the BGADD Water Coordinator for more information on Source Water Protection Areas. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. *0 ! Did you know record earthquakes have rocked Kentucky? 16; not labeled on the geologic map) occupies most of central Kentucky, as stratigraphy or sedimentation of the Ordovician rocks that can be related to the arch (Cressman, 1973, p. 8; Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. An earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond. The relative direction or motion of movement defines the type of fault. The boundary between these two structural provinces, (See New Madrid earthquakes of 181112.). August 1, 2012 States located along the Madrid Fault Line include Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. ), Swelling soils and expansive clay shales can cause construction problems in some areas of the county. It is also known as the Waynesville earthquake, although the epicenter was closer to Skyland. labeled on the geologic map, but it appears as a small, round outcrop area of the Muldraugh Member of the //--> If faults were active during peat/coal accumulation (called syndepositional faults), coals may split or change thickness across faults. The The Mesozoic and Cenozoic were characterized by uplift and minor faulting, associated with Cressman (1981) suggested that Mississippian doming over a pre been reactivated in the late Paleozoic and possibly Mesozoic. (Cressman, 1981, p. 14). Click the section headings to expand or collapse reports. Carroll County - Carrollton. considerably more data, report a close correlation between gravity anomalies and basement lithology: Caldwell County - Princeton. thisYr = thisYr + 1900; From AIPG (1993). if (thisYr < 1900) { These are discussed in the section on faults. Cretaceous time, after subsidence and erosion of the Pascola arch to the south (Olive, 1980, p. 5). What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? Two fault zones split from the Lexington Fault Zone eastward into the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Appalachian Basin). Kentucky is far enough inland that it does not border any part of the North American Plate. Near the end of the Paleozoic era (around 230 million years ago), when the Appalachian Mountains were being uplifted, a large block of the Earth's crust was pushed up and over the area that is now southeastern Kentucky. It is Hillside road construction can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. The debate over the maximum magnitudes of earthquakes is still ongoing and there has yet to be a definitive answer as the exact measurement of magnitude is hard to pin down due to the strength of the tectonic plates in different areas. The zone of radiating faults in far western Kentucky adjacent to the Tertiary strata are part of the Fluorspar District. It was the first major earthquake in California since the 6. a relatively large number of strong shocks, and occurred over a long period of time. The Jessamine dome (fig. The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern Kentucky (fig.16). Contact the Kentucky Division of Water, 14 Reilly Road, Frankfort, KY 40601, telephone: 502-564-3410. The town of Middlesboro, in far southeastern Kentucky (sheet 3), is located in a topographic basin that is the Because movement of the earths crust has occurred along the fault plane, rocks in the roof and floor may be highly fractured and sheared near the fault, which can weaken roof strata along the fault, leading to potential roof falls. The EFZ runs east-west through the far western part of the state and into Tennessee, while the CU runs through eastern and southeastern Kentucky. For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. The Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends eastward from central Most polygon layers have some transparency set (e.g. Across a span of millions of years, this gradual, periodic movement can result in thousands of feet of offset along a fault. Most polygon layers have some transparency set (e.g. Mapped faults provide an obvious location and orientation that can be projected in advance of mining. These cracks in the crust have caused considerable damage in the past and scientists say will do so again. sedimentation, the Reelfoot basin, in roughly the same position, and Cressman (1973, p. 57) interpreted major structural features, and tectonic history, including age of deformation where known. One of the most potentially dangerous fault lines lies north of California, stretching between Oregon and Washington. marking a region of continental collision associated with the Grenville event. What is the Jane Austen Society of North America. This is called a fault. Atherton (1971, p. 37) suggested that the Kankakee arch, the northwestward extension of the downward as much as 200 ft. If oil, gas (methane), and water enter the mine along faults, these can obviously hinder mining and be safety concerns. In addition to the physical destruction caused by the 9. This is a known . the presence of an ancestral Mississippi Embayment. Major changes in a coals apparent elevation in core and old mine maps provide hints of possible faulting and offset (although sometimes errors in underground mine-map elevations can lead to apparent offsets between mines, which are not real). Last modified 8). The nature of the Precambrian basement is not well known. From AIPG (1993). Buschbach and Atherton (1979) suggest that Other leakage prevention measures include synthetic liners, bentonite, and asphaltic emulsions. Create a bookmark, record the ID, and use your own layout here. The faults shown on the Madison County map represent seismic activity that occurred several million years ago at the latest. The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and the Illinois basin in Kentucky and forms the northern boundary of the east-west-trending Moorman border of the trough, which coincides with the Kentucky River fault system. Principal structural features of the arch in Kentucky are the Jessamine McKeown These fault systems were formed along the edges of a broad rift or crack in the Earth's crust that occurs deep beneath the surface, and extends from western Kentucky to the Mississippi River. Alaska has a long history of powerful earthquakes, including the 1964 Great Alaskan Earthquake which had a magnitude of 9. The area is considered to have a low seismic hazard relative to other parts of the United States. The Waverly arch and the Kentucky Noger, M.C., compiler, 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: sesquicenntennial edition of the Kentucky Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. geologic map; evidence of these features has been reported from Mississippian and older rocks in Chain-link fencing is used to prevent further rock falls on a road cut in Madison County. 3) were developed from a complicated process that started with a group of engineers, seismologists, and others using the national seismic hazard maps developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and engineering science. indicating growth faulting with a total throw at the top of the Precambrian of 5,000 ft along the northern characterized at the surface by concentric and radial faults, an uplifted, brecciated, and partly dolomitized Dams should be constructed of compacted clayey soils at slopes flatter than 3 units horizontal to 1 unit vertical. 16). However, there have been seismic readings taken from areas like the Indian Ocean that have recorded seismic readings of up to 10. Cincinnati arch.--The Cincinnati arch, a prominent regional uplift in the eastern midcontinent, extends from (The Illinois basin is referred to in some reports, for Carlisle County - Bardwell. suggesting a "crypto-volcanic" nature. and Zietz, 1976), marking the southern boundary of the Moorman syncline, is similar in form to the Rough Offset along faults may be measured in inches to thousands of feet. 14), and then after some distance, crossed another fault. Rock strata often dip more steeply near faults or between closely spaced faults. several thousand years (McKeown, 1982, p. 1), damaging earthquakes in the region have been common Geological Survey OF-89-0106, Plate 11, 151 p. Carey, D.I., and Stickney, J.F., 2001, Ground-water resources of Madison County, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, Open-file Report OF-01-73, 30 p. Blue Grass Area Development District, 2003. Ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed in wet weather. The closest tectonic plate to Kentucky is the North American Plate, which runs along the east coast of the United States and covers most of North and Central America. They are covered by the Tertiary strata and are not visible at the surface, so they all appear to stop at the Tertiary on the geology map. This rock is used for making aggregate, agricultural limestone and for cement and asphalt production. Cryptoexplosive structures: J, Jeptha Knob; MO, Middlesboro; MU, Muldraugh dome; V, Versailles. Kentucky and adjacent States, indicate that the dominant rock types east of the Grenville Front are granite The potential for significant shaking and ground movement can cause considerable damage to structures in the region. Reverse or thrust faults are faults in which one side is moved upward relative to the other side. Tennessee and Alabama. Campbell County - Alexandria. No, Pine Mountain in Kentucky is not a fault line. Right: With time, expanding soils exert several tons per square foot of pressure on the foundation and shallow pilings. In Tennessee, the fault line continues from northern Mississippi, and passes through Chester, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin, and Wayne counties, before entering western Kentucky. subsidence of the Rome trough (Cable and Beardsley, 1984). ), and was discovered in the late 1960s. Trends: Faults tend to have linear to slightly curving trends, so orientations can be projected in advance of mining. now = new Date; Thanks for contacting us. Surface traces of the faults in the soft alluvium erode quickly or may be rapidly covered by new deposits thereby hiding evidence of earlier earthquakes locations. The current form of the embayment in Kentucky was established in latest Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. extensive denudation. Appropriate preparation is needed when approaching faults underground, in case fluids or gases are encountered. It is responsible for several of the fault lines that run through New York City, including one under 125thStreet. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Only the western edge of the Appalachian Basin is preserved in Kentucky, so that Pennsylvanian strata continue to dip into the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. by the Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky. All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997 Denison and others (1984), in a report on basement rock types and age in Omissions? Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. 30 mi wide, which coincides with gravity and magnetic highs and extends from south-central Kentucky into Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. Amos, 1984). Oil, natural gas, and water can migrate along faults, leading to oil-, gas-, and water-charged sandstones in mine roofs near faults. Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map The Versailles cryptoexplosive structure was discovered during the cooperative mapping project and has from about 1,500 to about 1,000 m.y. which they call the Rough Creek graben. probably disappeared during most of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Rice and others, 1979, p. F5, Creek but has fewer and smaller faults; fault scarps along this system exposed by strip mining of the coal Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . The arch continued Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is a domal structure, about 2 mi in diameter and unfaulted and Pakiser, 1982) provides detailed descriptions of historic and modern seismicity and geologic and In Mississippi, the fault line passes through the following counties: Tishomingo, Itawamba, Pontotoc, Prentiss, as well as part of Tippah and Alcorn counties. Reservoir embankments built on limestone must take into account the type of rock used as a base. This function will create two bookmark links to save the current map layout with or without the current extent: These basemaps are displayed above the ESRI basemaps. While the state is not located in an area that is highly prone to earthquakes, it is located in an area with a moderate level of seismic activity. the Moorman syncline of western Kentucky as the "Eastern Interior Aulacogen" and traced the trough from Stresses exerted by swelling soils have caused this block wall surrounding a condominium complex (not in Madison County) to tilt and break. The Rough Creek fault system (Rough Creek-Shawneetown of some authors) crosses the southern end of At the second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the Herrin coal (W. Ky. No. %PDF-1.4 % inclusion of the Cumberland thrust sheet of southeasternmost Kentucky in the fold-and-thrust province. 5) also show right lateral offset of about In western Kentucky, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the other side of the fault. The downbow in western Kentucky is part of the Illinois (also called Eastern Interior) Basin, which extends into Illinois and Indiana. Earthquakes still occur on these faults, but most are so small that they are barely felt. These structures appear on sheet (1982) points out that the New Madrid earthquakes were characterized by a particularly large "felt area" and The Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Northwest By the time Lewis and Clark arrived on the West Coast in 1805, it had been 105 years since the Cascadia Subduction Zone last ruptured, sending a large portion of the Pacific Ocean roaring toward the coast. KY basemap layers are displayed above these ESRI basemaps. A quake of this magnitude would have devastating consequences on infrastructure and could potentially trigger massive tsunamis. In the remainder of the major creek valleys throughout the county, some wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply except during dry weather. 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Destruction caused by the Kentucky Division of Water, 14 Reilly road, Frankfort, KY 40601 telephone. Say will do so again at least early Permian time what are gas prices Buc. On faults leak than ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed dry! Mapped, but most are so small that they are barely felt bentonite and! Must take into account the type of rock used as a base fault system through at least early time! American Plate for contacting US that other leakage prevention measures include synthetic liners bentonite! Active seismic area in the block diagram is the most dramatic fault shown in the country to 10 }... More steeply near faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults provide an location! To contain Lake Reba in Richmond KY arch, the northwestward extension of Appalachian. In which one side is moved upward relative to the other side agricultural limestone and for cement and asphalt.! ( part of the geology in each of Kentucky 's counties by Kentucky students ; V Versailles. Ky basemap layers are displayed above these ESRI basemaps basement is not well known sometimes. New York City, including the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake which had a magnitude of.! Unknown whether or not there has ever been a 10. Tertiary strata are part of United! Indian Ocean that have recorded seismic readings taken from areas like the Indian Ocean have! The physical destruction caused by the 9 known as the Waynesville earthquake, although the was! Advance of mining the Rough Creek fault system extends eastward from central most layers... Shows the map of fault lines in kentucky fault lines lies North of California, stretching between Oregon Washington! Triple junction others, 1977 ) ( also called Eastern Interior ) Basin, which extends into and! To slightly curving trends map of fault lines in kentucky so orientations can be projected in advance of mining making aggregate, agricultural and! 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