"149, When Lester Tenny, a former POW, sued Mitsui Corp for compensation for his slave labor in federal court in California in 2000, a Department of Justice official testified in court that it was the government's position that the 1951 Treaty cut off his right to sue, and his suit was dismissed. 309-317. 32. Although a subcommittee hearing was held, no further action was taken. Letter dated Dec. 17. 254,228 claims, 178,900 awards = $73,492,926, Civilian internees interned or in hiding @ $60 rate [filing period 4/9/52 - 8/1/54] 123. See also High-Stakes Conflict Brings Out the Most Inhumane Research, The San Diego Union-Tribune, Aug. 9, 1995, p. E1. "California Calls on Japan to Apologize for War Crimes," Japan Policy and Politics, Aug. 30, 1999 (online). Holocaust Survivors Scheduled to Receive German Reparations Funds," Jewish Telegraphic Agency, June 22, 1999 (online). Memorial ID. 2, pp. The story of "Papa" John Schnatter keeps getting stranger. Sheldon Harris quotes Lt. Gen. Kajitsuka Ryuji, Lt. General in the Medical Service and former Chief of the Medical Administration of the Kwantung Army, as saying that he saw an imperial decree giving Ishii permission to start the initial BW operation in Manchuria in 1936 "by Command of the Emperor" and that later on Emperor Hirohito also issued a decree authorizing creation of Unit 731. According to a recent account, the IWG has declassified some 1.5 million pages of records dealing with Nazi war crimes, and now the IWG is initiating a second phase, examining records related to Japanese war crimes.116. Holmes, Unjust Enrichment, pp. Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 2000 Annual Report, pp. This is where some of the mental struggles began for Zach. In 1995 POW and civilian internee groups from several countries filed suits in the Japanese court system, seeking a net payment of $20,000 for each POW/internee. Great Flu Crisis at Mare Island Navy Yard. After the attempt on his life, Zach slowly found his footing with a combination of medication, therapy, and self-reflection. Estimates of people and resources involved in WWII vary widely. The head of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Whitney Gillilland, stated in the hearing that the total amount of "all sums covered [transferred] into the Treasury pursuant to Section 39 of the Trading with the Enemy Act, that is, the net proceeds of the liquidation of vested World War II German and Japanese assets by the Office of Alien Property in the Department of Justice totaled $228,750,000 and there was a balance of little over $500,000 remaining" (pp.3-4). This is the first time a suit filed by Chinese slave laborers in the Japanese courts was successful.141, According to a New York Times article,142 another development is the increasing willingness of Japanese courts to hear testimony about Japanese atrocities rather than dismissing the case at the beginning. "Former POWs Win Legal Victory in California State Court; 'The Court Looked at Our Cases and Told the Japanese Companies and the Administration That Their Excuses Won't Work Anymore,'" PR Newswire, Oct. 25, 2001 (online). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1995. John F Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was shot dead on 22 November 1963. "Wartime Skeletons Return to Haunt Japan: Human Remains Found on a Tokyo Building Site Have Revived the Ghosts of Japan's Experiments with Biological Weapons," New Scientist, Feb. 25, 1995, p. 12. Casetext, Inc. and Casetext are not a law firm and do not provide legal advice. 46. art. Subsequently, an agreement between the U.S. government and that of Germany resulted in the establishment of the Holocaust Claims Program. The Hoffpauir family name was found in the USA between 1880 and 1920. 58, Summary of War Damage to U. S. Battleships, Carriers, Cruisers and Destroyers 17 October, 1941 to 7 December, 1942, USS Birmingham CL62 War Damage Report No. 131. of the Navy, 1976), p. 540. Claims against Italy were paid from a $5 million fund provided by Italy. Send a note to us at hello@sports360az.com. 2500, 107th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept 107-278 (Washington: GPO, 2001), p. 171. 6, no. In a practice his sophomore year, Taylor saw Zach take a hit so big his helmet rotated 90 degrees across his face. See p. 626 for figure of 102.1 billion Deutsche Marks (DM) paid in compensation through Jan. 1, 1998, with at least another DM24 billion in payments to come. 2 Appendix, Main Navy Building: Its Construction and Original Occupants, Manual of Information Concerning Employments for the Panama Canal Service, Master File Drawings of German Naval Vessels, Matthew Fontaine Maury: Benefactor of Mankind, Mers-el-Kebir Port Instructions for Merchant Vessels [1942], Midway in Retrospect: The Still Under Appreciated Victory, Midways Operational Lesson: The Need For More Carriers, Military Service Records and Unit Histories, Miscellaneous Actions in the South Pacific, More Bang for the Buck: U.S. Nuclear Strategy and Missile Development 1945-1965, Naming of Streets, Facilities and Areas On Naval Installations, Narrative of Captain W.S. 118. I slept for like two days. Not by being his football coach but by pulling him into his office one day to just talk through life and the struggles that come with it. We are more similar than we are different, said Zach. 49. In late 1999, in a new tactic, POWs/internees who claim to have been used as forced laborers filed suit in California courts against several major Japanese companies seeking reparations: so far all suits have been dismissed. 50. WWII U.S. POWs and Civilian Internees 14:30.1. 1 Austrian 6-pounder Howitzer with cutout, No. 303, 66 Stat. See statement by Han Xiao, China's leading expert on Unit 731, that U.S. POWs were experimented on in "A Half Century of Denial: The Hidden Truth About Japan's Unit 731," U.S. News and World Report, vol. A sense of Congress resolution also passed that asked the Administration to facilitate discussions between POWs and Japanese companies over POW slave labor claims. John Paul I believed his selection had been a grave mistake. 40, 142. Bibliography. Mid-America Sharpening & Sales is a mobile sharpening service for comercial, residential, & events. Ibid., pp. Two weeks earlier, Hoffpauir passed away from an accidental overdose at age 26. Shannon is creating The Zach Hoffpauir Project to help athletes adjust to life after sports. 36-41), of the more than $517 million paid out for WWII claims under the War Claims Act, almost $335 million was paid out under Title II, for war damage to property in certain Eastern European countries, territories attacked or occupied by the Japanese, and damage to ships, losses to insurers, and by passengers of ships, that was authorized by other 1962 amendment to War Claims Act contained in P.L. Unit 731: Japan's Secret Biological Warfare in World War II. 129, 135-136. 150. In four seasons at Stanford, Zach amassed 102 total tackles. Born in 7 Feb 1936 and died in 7 Aug 2009 Groves, Texas John Adam Hoffpauir 53, USS Independence CVL22 & USS Denver CL58 War Damage Report No. Charles Kenneth (Ken) Hoffpauir of Houston, Texas, passed away at the age of 89, on October 31, 2021. At the hearing, Whelchel testified that different men were given different injections and, thereafter, the Japanese took careful note of each man's condition.84. Naval Armed Guard Service in World War II, Naval Gun Factory (Washington Navy Yard) Facilities Data: World War II, Naval Memorial Service, Casting Flowers on the Sea in Honor of the Naval Dead, Naval Yarns by Captain Bartlett [manuscript], Navy and Defense Reform: A Short History and Reference Chronology, Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual [Rev. According to Dr. Stenger, these figures were compiled in cooperation with the Department of Defense (DOD), the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Archives. Landing Craft From Troy to Tokio, Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds, and the Flying Fish, Slapton Sands: The Cover-up That Never Was, Smith, Melancton Rear Admiral USN A Memoir, Smoker Sat., July 27, 1918 U.S.S. Holmes, Unjust Enrichment, p. xviii. It was Rielle Hunter who pretty open about their relationship. Honors 'Death Railway' Prisoners; Ambassador Unveils Plaque at River Kwai," Bangkok Post, Sept. 15, 1997, p. 3. 90. In discussing the issue of reparations by Japan, the 1951 Treaty, and John Foster Dulles's efforts as chief of U.S. negotiations, the author referred to correspondence between Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida and Dirk Stikker, The Netherlands Minister of Foreign Affairs, which was only declassified in April 2000. 10.20-10.27. His sister, Hillary Hoffpauir, is who Doug credits most for saving Zachs life. 488-522. The report also stated that awards paid for POW claims against Japan were approximately $71.6 million and that awards for civilian internees' claims against Japan were approximately $18.1 million, while awards for U.S. POW claims against Germany totaled approximately $51.78 million. Using its high figures for both American POWs held by Japan (36,260) and their higher number of POW deaths (13,851) results in a slightly lower percentage of POW deaths, 38.2%. Shannon recalls him describing what it did to him when he had a drink with his friends on his 21st birthday. The season finale saw two major developments on the "who are the parents of John II" mystery. Joshua P Hoffpauir <p>Joshua P. Hoffpauir, age 33, formerly of St. Paris, Ohio passed away on December 18, 2020. 2/24/2023 - Weapons Under Disability (Incident: 230133257) 3200 [Block] Allegheny Ave. Columbus, OH 43209 - learn more S14541-S14547. One of its conditions was that the money be transferred to the Japanese government's official bank, the Yokohama Specie Bank, which was done. Charles A. Stenger, American Prisoners of War in WWI, WWII, Korea, Vietnam, Persian Gulf, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan, Statistical Data Concerning Numbers Captured, Repatriated, and Still Alive as of January 1, 2002, prepared for the DVA Advisory Committee on Former Prisoners of War, Mental Health Strategic Group, VHA, DVA, American Ex-Prisoners of War Association, 2003. 140. 5, 2000, p. A1. A senior government official said that this apology to the people of the Asia-Pacific region was also meant to apply to the United States. See "Human Guinea Pigs 'Advanced Medical Science'; Japan, the Shame of Unit 731," The Independent (London), Apr. Now we better understand why Zach struggled so much during the last few years of his life.. A conviction on the second degree murder charge would have resulted in a mandatory life sentence without the benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. He described what he saw when he was assigned to help Unit 731 personnel with autopsies of those who died and he stated that Unit 731 functionaries were interested in only certain of the dead POWs. He just brought more energy and juice out of me.. Doug Hoffpauir is sharing his sons story to shine a light on the effects of CTE and to encourage those struggling to seek help. 57-41, BUREAU OF NAVIGATION CIRCULAR LETTER NO. 84, 155. This money was then to be sent to the International Red Cross for the Allied POWs most in need of relief those working on the Burmese-Siam railway. Claims for disability or ongoing health problems due to being a POW of the Axis powers were subsequently handled by the Veterans Administration.25. Christian McCaffrey saved my life, Zach said. Also mentioned were a Japanese settlement with Burma that provided reparations, services and investments amounting, over 10 years, to $250 million, and an agreement with Switzerland that provided compensation for maltreatment, personal injury and loss arising from acts illegal under the rules of war.148 Clemmons also argued that the Stikker-Yoshida letters, and the Burmese and Swiss agreements could all be used to make Japan, under article 26 of the San Francisco Treaty, offer similar terms to the Treaty's 47 signatories. 103. All but the crew's captain, who was sent to Tokyo for interrogation, were subjected to vivisection experiments similar to those done at Unit 731. Zachs physical and mental health were failing him. POWs Made to Perform Forced Labor As noted above, the U.S. Treasury received $18.5 million from Germany and reportedly distributed it to 235 eligible survivors.128, On July 6, 2000, the German parliament passed a law setting up a $5-billion claim fund to pay Nazi-era slave and force laborers, those experimented on, and some other Holocaust-related claims. 130. Foreign Claims Settlement Commission The Justice Department testified in opposition to the bill, citing numerous reasons why giving these POWs ability to sue the Japanese government or the U.S. government over this issue would violate established case law, international law, the Feres Doctrine (which disallows suits by members of the military for damages received while in the military), and the established jurisdiction of the U.S. Court of Claims; there was no floor action on this bill.114 In the 101st Congress, S. 3191, the Civilian Ex-Prisoner of War Health Benefits Act of 1990, was introduced but had no floor action. "Japan's Auschwitz Revealed; Nation Confronts Unit 731's Cruelty." Holmes, Unjust Enrichment, pp. It was compassion, Zach said. 55 (1901) Decorations for Philippine Islands and Boxer Rebellion, General Order No. It is equally apparent that many ex-POWs who were at Mudken were not aware of, or suspicious about, unusual medical activity, but this is not surprising . 244 [1934] Alcoholic Liquors, General Order No. A small amount went for POW relief, and the Japanese used 17 million francs to order artillery from the Swiss, an order that was never filled because of the war's end. Everyone who talks about Zach brings up how good of a dancer he was. 133. According to neurologist Dr. Ann McKee, Director of Boston University CTE Center, Zach had stage two CTE. Jack Hoffpauir, 82, of Boise, died Tuesday, December 22, 2020. Stikker to Yoshida, Sept. 7, 1951. H.R. Washington: Brassey's, 1995. Find out how. According to Louis L. Snyder's account, during these 6 days Japanese soldiers robbed, beat, tortured, and killed marchers at will. Since the United States did not conclude a peace treaty with Germany, only recently has compensation for some U.S. civilian internees of Germany been awarded.22, Under the War Claims Act of 1948, POWs held "by any government of any nation with which the United States has been at war subsequent to [December 7, 1941]" were paid a lump sum payment based on $1 per day of imprisonment in which a POW was able to prove under Section 6(b) of the law that the enemy government or its agents failed to furnish him such quantity or quality of food (as he was entitled to as a prisoner of war under the Geneva Convention on Treatment of Prisoners of War of July 27, 1929).23 The 1952 amendments added Section 6(d) that provided for payment of additional $1.50 per day if a POW were able to prove that he was subjected to "inhumane treatment" or forced to perform hard labor, thus bringing total aggregate payments to a maximum of $2.50 per day of imprisonment.24 Detention benefits could also be paid to members of a deceased POW's immediate family. 1279; 19 Federal Register 3985, July 1, 1954. Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, Decisions and Annotations, p. 666. This way, he says, they could use the Emperor as a powerful pacifying and unifying force to make the occupation more acceptable to the Japanese. 61. 40-41. 2 (part III, chapter 26), Bunker Busters: Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Issues, Chapter 2: The Era of Growing Conflict, 1959-1965, Chapter 3: The Years of Combat, 1965-1968, Chapter 4: Winding Down the War, 1968 - 1973, Chapter 5: The Final Curtain, 1973 - 1975, Medal of Honor Recipients of the U.S. Navy in Vietnam, Secretaries of the Navy and Key United States Naval Officers, 1950 - 1975, Enemy Aircraft Shot Down by Naval Aviators in Southeast Asia, No. Holmes, Unjust Enrichment, pp. 141. 13. On Untold, Zach shared how a psychologist helped him learn how his sense of self-worth had plummeted after Stanford because he felt he was no longer living up to external expectations. Zach wanted to play both sports. As the river boat . Advertisement "He was not going to be a great pope," Cornwell, now 81, said in a phone interview from London. VI, (Washington: Naval History Division, Dept. Information on the History Channel Web site [http:/www.historychannel.com/] and from discussion with AETV customer relations representative, Dec. 3, 1999. 4044, 80th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 132. 963 was introduced on March 8, 2001; it proposed a payment of $4 per day plus interest for each day a survivor of the Bataan Death March was held by the Japanese. He made 137 more in high school and was in on hundreds of others playing running back and wide receiver. Micah Hoffpauir has not been elected into the Hall of Fame. 88. Recollections of Capture by the Germans, Imprisonment, and Escape of Lieutenant Edouard Victor Isaacs, U.S.N. Similar information is also available at the Department of Justice's Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Web site at [http://www.usdoj.gov/fcsc/]. Mr. Rosenbaum wrote that Two of these [formerly classified] reports [about biological warfare data collected by the Japanese and the arrangement made between the United States and Lieutenant General Shiro Ishii, the commander of Unit 731], dated November 17, 1981, and May 5, 1982, confirm that Ishii and his colleagues received immunity from prosecution and that, in exchange, they provided a great deal of information to U.S. authorities.91, According to news accounts, Gen. Ishii returned to Japan after the war where he was permitted to continue medical research, was paid a Japanese government pension, and died of cancer in 1959.92 Moreover, many of Ishii's chief lieutenants occupied prominent positions in post-war Japanese society.93 According to one news account, the several hundred remaining members of Unit 731 were still holding their annual reunion in Japan as of 1999.94, In the 20-year controversy over whether Americans were experimented on, the chief problem has been the lack of documentary evidence to support anecdotal accounts. 98-112. 109. 1. "State Is Ground Zero for WWII Lawsuits: California Lets Ex-POWs Take Aim at Japan," San Francisco Chronicle, Apr. My sister was in there taking my blood pressure.. At PAC-12 Media Day this year, David Shaw recalls Zach as someone who was a natural leader because of his approachable mentality towards teammates and coaches. 110. According to David E. Bradley, Chief Counsel of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, all but one of these claimants participating in the Holocaust Claims Program have been paid. His death was ruled as an accident and it was determined he had choked on his own . Naval Operational History 19802010, New Equation: Chinese Intervention into the Korean War, Nixon's Trident: Naval Power in Southeast Asia, 1968-1972 by John D. Sherwood, Northern Barrage and Other Mining Activities, Notes on Anti-submarine Defenses ONI Publication No. Of the 50,000 or so Filipino troops at O'Donnell, he says at a rough estimate 25,000 or 50% died.48, Thousands of American POWs were reportedly transported to work in the Philippines, Japan, China, Thailand, and Korea in prison vessels known as "Hell Ships." This report is available online at [http://usdoj.gov/fcsc/annrep00.htm]. Inside I was so miserable. He estimates that 4,477 of the survivors are alive as of January 1, 2003.10, According to Dr. Stenger, figures for civilian internees are less solid. 97. That was the moment Pastor John . 60. Waterford, Van. Every day he got up and he put on jeans and boots and a cowboy hat and his guns. 48-49, 69, 73. National American Ex-POW Association, Inc., and the Center for Civilian Internee Rights, Inc, A Legislative Prospectus on American Civilian POW's and Hostages, 1991. 47. Falk, Stanley L. Bataan: the March of Death. Juliana Hoffpauir Makeup Department . The Influenza Epidemic of 1918 by Carla R. Morrisey, RN, BSN, Influenza of 1918 (Spanish Flu) and the US Navy, Philadelphia, Nurses, and the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918. I went into his room and he was gone.. Available through NEXIS Library: NEWS File: ALLNWS. Mississippi investigators presume Hoffpauir was murdered seven months before Birnbaum ran away, but his body has never . 84-91. Also discussed at this hearing was the Statement of Interest of the United States on Plaintiff' Motion to Remand filed by the Justice Department in the case of Heimbuch vs. Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha recently filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. See Also "Truth Emerging on Ailing POWs, Japan Germ Unit," Los Angeles Times, March 20, 1995, p. A1. 149-150. Prisoners of the Japanese in World War II: A Statistical History, Personal Narratives, and Memorials Concerning POWs in Camps and on Hellships, Civilian Internees, Asian Slave Laborers, and Others Captured in the Pacific Theater. The night of May 14, 2020, Zach Hoffpauir and Shaw spoke on the phone for several hours. Holmes highlights information from British signals sergeant Jack Edwards, who was a POW and became part of a British and American war crimes investigating team which in 1946 searched the remains of the Kinkaseki copper mine, Prisoner of War Branch Camp No. 23,000 claims, 9,260 awards = $13,679,32929, American POWs enlisted in Allied forces [completed 8/31/56] Facebook gives people the power. Dont mess with his friends, dont mess with his family, said Lynn. Public Papers of the Presidents: William J. Clinton, remarks at the Joint Service Review, Honolulu, HI, Sept. 1, 1995 (Washington: GPO, 1996, 1995: Book II), p. 1278. 116-117. About Us. This included journaling, going for walks, words of affirmation, and more. A one-hour television documentary on Unit 731, entitled History Undercover: Unit 731, Nightmare in Manchuria, was broadcast on the History Channel on March 7, 1999, and was rebroadcast an additional three times.76 Books have been written about Unit 731 in Japan, former members have come forward to tell of their activities, and a traveling exhibit about it has been seen by some 200,000 Japanese.77, Ongoing private investigations by scholars have described Unit 731 as spreading disease and causing epidemics in field experiments that may have killed tens or even hundreds of thousands of Chinese.78 Although exact numbers are unknown, various researchers have alleged that Unit 731 performed laboratory experiments on somewhere between 850 to 10,000 or more subjects, and that none of them survived.79 According to author Sheldon Harris, victims consisted mostly of Han Chinese inhabitants of the area around Harbin but also included stateless White Russians, Harbin Jews, criminals, communist guerrillas or spies, Mongolians, Koreans, the mentally handicapped, and also Soviet soldiers captured in border skirmishes.80 Newspaper articles also state that Allied soldiers, possibly including some Americans, might have been experimented on.81, Experiments on humans reportedly not only included infection with anthrax, typhoid, and other infectious diseases but also live dissections of prisoners without anesthesia, exposing prisoners to low air pressure, freezing of prisoners, removal of limbs, blood, and organs (often without anesthesia) to see the results, exposing humans to fragmentation rounds containing infectious agents, and other experiments.82, News accounts have indicated possibly as many as 1,500 U.S. POWs, many of them survivors of the Bataan Death March, were among Allied POWs sent to a POW camp at Mukden (also known as Shenyang) in Manchuria, more than 300 miles southwest of Harbin.83 The first testimony by a U.S. POW about his experiences at Mukden apparently occurred in the brief testimony of Warren W. Whelchel in a 1982 field hearing on Veterans Administration health care in Montana. Thats who Zach was. Sheldon Harris, Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American Coverup (London, New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. Betty Lee, who also testified on James' behalf, kncw James through her daughter, who Under the War Claims Act, compensation of civilians was to go only to "civilian American citizens," i.e., "any person who, being then a citizen of the United States, was captured by the Imperial Japanese government on or after December 7, 1941, at Midway, Guam, Wake Island, the Philippine Islands or any Territory or possession of the United States attacked or invaded by such government, orwhile in transit to or from or who went into hiding at any such place." In that separate appeal, State v. Hoffpauir, 12-865 (La.App. Referred to Senate Veterans Affairs Committee and discharged, then referred to Senate Judiciary Committee. See [http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990816/payback1.html]. S. 1302, introduced August 2, 2001, would authorize payment of a gratuity of $20,000 tax free to members of the Armed Forces and civilian employees of the United States or their surviving spouses for slave labor performed for Japan during World War II. It was a stripping of identity for me, said Zach about the retirement on the 2019 podcast. However, a Japanese Foreign Ministry spokesman said that this apology was to the Japanese people and not to the people of the United States.105, On August 15, 1995, Japanese Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama made the following statement, During a certain period in the not too distant past, Japan, following a mistaken national policy, advanced along the road to war, only to ensnare the Japanese people in a fateful crisis, and through its colonial rule and aggression caused tremendous damage and suffering to the people of many countries, particularly to those of Asian nations. He went on to say, In the hope that no such mistake be made in the future, I regard, in a spirit of humility, these irrefutable facts of history, and express here once again my feelings of deep remorse and state my heartfelt apology.106 However, some observers pointed out that he made his apology in the first person, on his behalf, and not that of Japan.107 This statement was not seen as adequate by various victims' groups because, they said, it was not endorsed by the Japanese parliament.108 According to newspaper accounts Prime Minister Murayama's apology obtained a tepid reaction in Asia.109 Speaking to veterans in Honolulu on the 50th anniversary of V-J Day, a few days after Murayama's remarks, President Clinton said, let me say especially how much the American people appreciate the recent powerful words of the Japanese Prime Minister, Mr. Murayama, when he expressed his nation's regret for its past aggression and its gratitude for the hand of reconciliation that this, the World War II generation, extended 50 years ago.110, In her September 8, 2001, speech given on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Multilateral Treaty of Peace with Japan in San Francisco, Japanese Foreign Minister Makiko Tanaka echoed the statement of Murayama by saying, "Facing the facts of history in a spirit of humility, I reaffirm today our feeling of deep remorse and heartfelt apology expressed in Prime Minister Muryama's statement of 1995." 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