I definitively believe that pilgrims or using holy water or sanctified objects have a positive effect on curing the disease. . According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. Montazeri et al. As the present findings show, the RCOPE methods appear to be of great importance to the Iranian interviewees. Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. Largely, ones family is the biggest social indicator of status. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. I strongly believe in it because it is carved into my bones. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. Iran's unique history and geography translates to a diverse mix of cultural influences on the Persian cuisine. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. This perspective includes both religious and secular cultural settings, especially Muslim ones. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. So I accepted it and was happy with it. And this is the way he wants to remind me. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. Patients then use the data forwarded to families and family members to come to a solid understanding of their health status. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. In recent years, there has been reasonably little disagreement between ethnicities in Iran which is significant considering the diversity. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. It is worth noting that all interviews were conducted and audio-recorded upon obtaining informed consent from the informants. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. The health beliefs of individuals have a . 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. Speaking up or publishing material that questions the current system can also be interpreted as anti-Islamic. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Many Asian people, by comparison, have a strong belief that uncertainty is inherent in life and each day is taken as it comes. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. For example, at one point, all music and dancing were banned and Iranians had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground. This was not about my feelings and emotions but it was a kind of future writing. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore determinants of early . Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. perceived barriers to health. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. Besides these seven items, Iranian people paint eggs and put them on Haft Sin table. We found two patterns. When discussing religious coping, it is vital to consider circumstances in which religion and coping are interlaced. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. The requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the participants type of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. This religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal aspects of people's lives. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Underground, people behave the way they truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. (p. 46). I think He has listened. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. Figure 1. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. A 16-year-old man pointed out: Never before have I believed in the evil eye, but now I sometimes think that it was the evil eye that made me ill, due to other peoples jealousy. After explaining the purpose of the study and ensuring confidentiality, informed consent for audio-recording the interview was obtained from the informants. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. Here the concept of savab (reward) comes into the picture. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. The Middle East consists of . Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. 1.1 Taking responsibility People receive safe and effective care when pharmacy professionals take responsibility for ensuring that person-centred care is not compromised by personal values or beliefs. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. Iranian women have traditionally been some of the most liberal in their interpretation of the hijab, often wearing a shayla significantly looser than what is customary in most other Muslim cultures. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in .

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