There was a tear down behind our property, which actually affected the back yards of 7 properties. I think that often these would be sub contracted out to a survey company with the specialist equipment to deal with such issues. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Sorry to hear about the denial. Estimating the height of an object. Do not include roofs over covered porches, decorative dormers, covered patios/decks, and other similar secondary roof forms. Using this technology, you can measure the elevations of different points to calculate the heights of various things. ground motion), the following definitions are commonly used: Acceleration is the rate of change of speed, measured in "g"s at 980 cm/sec or 1.00 g. For example, 0.001g or 1 cm/sec 2 is perceptible by people Got any tips for me? If possible it is best to have a disto/laser measure when taking dimensions for roofs. Made it a treat to get something I liked that they would approve. Dont forget to measure ceiling heights, and if possible pick up the floor thickness (usually possible to do in a stair area), which will help with elevations and sections. Then you can take a measurement from this constant to an outside wall on both levels you will then be able to check that they line through. Finally, sort out your hundreds of photos into folders outside, inside, the patio, etc. Thanks John good luck with your surveying! If you are not using the citys interactive Solar Analysis Worksheet, calculate relative height and shadow length for each element using the formulas below: Elevation of roof element (y) Elevation of property line where the shadow would cross (x) =Relative height of element (h), (Relative height of element (h) Height of solar fence (F)) * 2.65 =Adjusted length of shadow (L), 2) Get "avg grade in the yard" (get it from GIS) - a little vague. Hi Peter, Thanks very much for sharing great tips. - Mansard roofs: deck line height. Looks interesting. More often than not it doesnt make a huge difference, and it will be resolved on site. The Zoning Administrator is calculating the building height using a portion of the roof and the tower; I am calculating the building height using the entire roof and the tower. Hope this helps. How do I determine the appropriate size of great room chandeliers? How to make it more precisely when you are by yourself without a ladder? This does not include wireless telecommunication towers and wind turbines that are regulated separately by this Ordinance. I carry out measured surveys for big retailer. For my day job recently I have been carrying out a lot of measured surveys measuring buildings and drawing up the plans, elevations and sections. Your email address will not be published. PITCHED ROOF. I think I would probably do this for services too. Hope that helps. If you are needing to draw sections, do you know where the sections need to be taken? 8. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Hope this helps any more questions dont hesitate to ask. The height of a structure is the vertical distance between the existing or finish grade, whichever is lower, to the uppermost point of the structure. If anyone has any other tips to help please comment below! https://ikegps.com/spike-for-autocad/. 2. I ended up presenting our plans myself at the Planning Committee. Indeed, a large portion of the structure has collapsed due to prolonged neglect. Hipped roofs are more tricky, but often come together when you have floor areas, eaves heights and internal measurements from the loft access. If you happen to be in South or West Yorkshire, I could help. It is important to note that a basement is not a storey, where no part of it protrudes more than 1 metre above the ground level. It is helpful to take running measurements, along with a full measurement of each wall. I have a question When measuring an existing buildings internals is it actual wall to wall or do you deduct assumed amounts of finished. allow for the minimum size and height that is required by building and fire code clearances above the roof line. Emma. I know that people approach surveys in different ways, this is just the way that I do based on my experience over time. Tricks like that can be handy if you are struggling to find the measurements of certain areas. Take your measurements at a height where you will pick up the features like windows and doors, usually at about 1m high. What tools/equipment you are using Downhill from there. Google search straightlinesuk and you should find it. I find it very difficult especially with lights position. One DesCombes DriveBroomfield, CO 80020303-469-3301. As of January 1, 2013, only the following shall be used as the basis for determining existing grade for the purposes of measuring the height of a structure: a grading plan approved by the City as part of a PUD plan, SDP, FDP, MDP or plat; or the 1998 contours . What is average grade and at what point is that determined? The following structures or parts thereof are exempt from maximum height limitations, unless otherwise limited by any height restriction imposed by any airport authority, or other similar federal, state, or local authority. Count the steps and mark on the drawing, especially when there are landings on the stair. How fast/experienced you are at measuring We provide professional measured surveys services. I do surveys regularly, but on a current project I need to measure the floor level in order to assess the flood risk. You can either draw each section as you go draw, measure, next area, draw, measure, next area etc. Please try again. I have been on surveys when the building is cold, dark and pretty spooky, and I wanted to getfinished as quickly as possible. Outbuildings and garages to be single storey with maximum eaves height of 2.5 metres and maximum overall height of four metres with a dual pitched roof or three metres for any other roof. Our appeal was denied. I ask as my my limited understanding of architectural drawings is that they exclude the finishes. They were afraid we would be driving down the value of their homes and very likely opening a B&B. Brisbane City Council (BCC) use the term ground level, which is defined as a level of natural ground; or if the level of the natural ground has changed, the level lawfully changed (this is known as the prescribed level). 3000 Rockefeller Avenue Everett, WA 98201 425-388-3311 1-800-562-4367, ext. The maximum building height is found in the Land Use Code and is based on the zoning designation of the property. The meeting was a waste of our time and money. Pick a point on one wall (A) and measure to the corner. Sorry I cant be of more assistance. Thanks, Emma. they other guy in our office is paper and pen and he laughs at me when i get stressed over 75mm gaps in a range of barns, at 1:100 that is less than a pen width on paper. Measuring doors, I usually measure the door size, and the general outline frame details. Foll Show more Google Earth Pro Advanced Tutorial (Part 1) GeoDelta Labs 123K. How do I determine where to place floor outlets? when measuring an odd shaped room where the walls are also not straight how many diagonal measurements is best to take i want it to be as accurate as possible, is there any tool out there that can do this for you, Hi there Richard, yes the best option is to take as many diagonal measurements as possible. If you can gain loft access this is ideal make sure you have safe access and it is safe for you to enter the loft space. Elevations presented in tabular form. A Proposed Renovation is a plan for a significant change to the function, height, or appearance of an existing building, as opposed to a Building Retrofit which is focused on the upgrade of building . Encourage open communication and collaboration among team members: Good communication and cooperation are essential for a successful event. I have to admit, I havent measured any buildings that have significant curved walls I am guessing there is a method, but not entirely sure what that would be. We did it with public down and we have a very low hip roof. However, in order to figure out exact height of the building, you will need to add the following additional compoments to a given result: Foundation (if any above grade) Height of rafter or top chord of truss. Just a thought anyway. For the purpose of the survey I am plotting each timber in the frame which necessitates both single point-to-point measurements and long and complicated running measurements. My first thought would be to use a laser, from the ground up to get exact point on ground, then measure distance to wall. It is a great starting point for someone who gets into building surveying. I hope this makes sense. Emma. I guess it depends on the final use of the survey and how accurate it needs to be before taking it to a survey company to carry out a more in depth digital analysis. and set our elevations with a surveyor so I could sleep at night. One of my modules I am undertaking this year is Procedures and Practice Work Based Learning. By the end of March 2016 I am required to produce a 2500 word project report on a chosen work-based procedure in which I have to critically review it in terms of relevant statutory requirements and professional/industry good practice. 2. If you are using a laser measure, try and measure the eaves and if possible ridge height. Most of your elevations will be possible to draw from the floor plan, but pick up any features that are external only. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. All the best, Emma. Hi there. In order to characterize or measure the effect of an earthquake on the ground (a.k.a. We use the latest measuring equipment including Total Staitons and Laser Scanners. I am not clear how to measure this. I find the best thing to do is to take a few extra measurements for example, room diagonals, so that if one doesnt seem right you can check it against another. https://youtu.be/fP25cmbpanU Any more questions dont hesitate to ask. Therefore, having taken all necessary safety precautions, I am surveying the structure to ensure that an archaeological record of the building remains even if the building does not. Another hillside community uses 35' from grade (original grade) following any slope. Another great resource is the planning portal, the UKs planning department system access. Use your judgement on what is safe to survey. Hi, I am interested to know how you would measure the finished floor level of a building in relation to sea level. My problem is that they require detailed RCP with lighting fixtures , services, emergency lights etc. BUILDING HEIGHT CALCULATION INSTRUCTIONS . I measure a lot of old barns for conversion and never have i had a square room. When you measure a multi-story building, especially one with a basement, how can you check that the foundation walls are aligned with the walls of the stories above? Agreed, reflected ceiling plans are a tough one, and to be honest I have not needed to carry out these types of surveys. Happy surveying! If you do not know the height of an object you are planning to model, there are some easy to use techniques that will enable you to make an educated guess. I will try to implement these tips on my next project. Within the City and County of Broomfield, building height calculations can vary based on the residences zone district. Stairs create an opening in the floor that often means you can actually measure the floor thickness. Pick a point on the second wall (B) and measure to the corner. Depending on the site, you may need your hard hat, high visibility jacket and site boots, make sure you check this prior to arriving on site. Would you have any advice on how best to ensure the greatest possible accuracy on such a complex building? Another thing is making sure you are thorough with your floor to floor heights internally, and if you have loft access you can then measure the ridge height, measure rafters, and work out from there the height of the roof. This is good article. Refer to the Everett Municipal Code (EMC) 19.39.180. No one of course. A tip on drawing, I use a three colour pen to draw out my surveys. Same as what you quote. A storey is a space within a building between two floor levels or a floor level and a ceiling or roof (click here for BCCs full definition of storey). Step 1: Assign Resources and Establish a Schedule. If you need to take smallermeasurements, it is often better to use a tape measure so make sure you haveone to hand. :). Determine the GROSS FLOOR AREA of the Building. Another thing you can do is use the windows. All the best, Emma. There was nothing to indicate HOW height was to be measured. Hi Eddy, I work in ArchiCAD and havent really experienced any issues with modelling the building in this format from a measured survey. If you cant take a measurement to the underside of the ridge, but you can get a measurement to the eaves you can count bricks on the gable and work out the height from there. With this information you will be able to work out the approximate height of the roof, and consequently the angle. Is it because some walls are angle slightly? Measuring Building Height Snohomish County measures building height by drawing the smallest rectangle possible whatever works; its far quicker searching through 20 shots of the patio, rather than all the photos, and you wont have time to rename them all to logical names (but consider renaming things like the full front elevation, again to save time later). This height is measured vertically from the grade plane to the average height of the highest roof surface. Is it for planning permission, construction? This may mean that there are some strange angles and things not quite square. Could you explain how or give an example of how to use the triangulation method of finding out an angled wall? This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Where the building is stepped or terraced, it is logical that the height is the maximum height of any segment of the building. This is helpful for when you start to draw out the building. If a highly detailed plan is required I would assume there should be room in the budget for specialist surveys to be carried out or there has to be a degree of acceptance to tolerances with a more basic measured survey. In addition to this, if the building has a gable, try to take a floor to underside of ridge measurement too. 3) Rest I do not think that the way it phrased is all that confusing: - A Frame: top point of A frame to "avg grade in the yard", - cupola, widows watch or tower that extends above the roof line shall be considered the highest point of the roof surface - are the highest point. Where possible try to get an overall measurement between two rooms. Paid up for 15 ft specimens that are now over 35 - 40 ft tall whatever mountain views the tear down had over our house, are nicely blocked now! As for architraves on doors this can be tricky. Sometimes there may be external clues, for example access stairs to the basement, or perhaps light wells. Sometimes plan drafters or architects use the term Natural Ground Level (or NGL) on plans. a. For example, in Brisbane the Low density residential zone specifies a maximum height of 9.5m and two storeys in most instances. Over the years I have completed a BTEC Level 3 NVQ in Construction and the Built Environment; a BTEC Level 4 HNC in Construction Management and Design and I am currently in my third year studying BSc (Hons) Degree in Building Surveying at UWE. Be mindful that the doors are likely to be the same throughout the building so you may not need to measure every door, but there can be variations. Externally, try to take a floor to underside of eaves measurement. Planning for a New Garage. Now check your email to confirm your subscription. Best of luck! Height is fairly straightforward. Hi John, If the height of the building is within one (1) foot of the maximum building height, surveys are required from a professional land surveyor. I think if you are looking for complete accuracy you would need to explore more technical equipment such as lasers etc. Equal height. If they do not line through, there should be some indication of this i.e., additional structure columns, beams and so on. OS levels do not seem very accurate to use as a datum. Thanks again for your comment . My client has informed me to "bring everything you are working on to a close" and send him a bill. Indeed, it has proven incredibly useful. Calculate the area of each plane within the roof (in plan view) as a percentage of the area of the entire roof. What is the standard height of a building? Totally invaluable for a site survey make sure you have a reasonable camera with full charge. Often dependent on the building. So this will also help you figure out where the walls are situated in relation to the stories above. In addition, General Plan Policy 8.6.2 states that all unnecessary grading for the purpose of meeting height restrictions is prohibited. If youre out by 20-40mm, this can be accumulated across parallel walls and will easily throw you out if you dont have them there to reference or re-measure. Sitting or standing when viewing? The details also include garage door Wild Plants CAD Blocks We are excited to share a new set of CAD blocks this week, courtesy of cadnature.com The wild plants CAD blocks are hand drawn, and featured in plan and elevation. Which means for a flat roof shed, you can have an overall height of 3m, with an eaves height of 2.5m. I will try to measure from an OS contour with my laser measure and tripod. How does your local zoning jurisdiction determine the height of building? Hope it helps. So which ever way you choose to do it, stick to that. A: Minimum building setbacks are required for all permitted structures, or additions to existing structures, exceeding 30 inches in height. I would personally never trust a room to be 90 deg in the corners, so triangulate every room to ensure it is within the tolerance youve set (based on the scale of the finished drawing & its usage). STEP 3. I have come across this a few times and it depends on the type and age of the building you are measuring. Add together the weighted averages of the heights of . Id like to give you a tip which has saved me so much time. Determining the ground level is an important part of measuring building height and number of storeys. Architecture Presentation Board Templates, Detail Library New Details February 2023, http://www.amazon.co.uk/Bosch-DLE-Professional-Laser-Rangefinder/dp/B002LJF7YM/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&qid=1425217195&sr=8-9&keywords=laser+measure, https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/measured-surveys-with-orthograph/, https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/contextual-surveys-where-to-get-relevant-information/. Always good to hear other peoples ideas and experiences. Im a Architectural Technician, I do lot of measured surveys of residential buildings for extensions, conversions and alterations, I use a Leica Disto D510 on a tripod it has a lot of useful functions for measuring roofs. This can be hard in daylight with the laser, but persevere! Us neighbors got screwed and the tear down got every variance they asked for. I think there is only one place to buy them online. Sorry to hear that Worthy. Make a note of wall thicknesses, which will vary internally and externally. I would appreciate your thoughts on this. Height of roofing materials* (including plywood, shingles and ridge vent) *On metal roof, add height of purlin (insulation if any . Indeed, quite considerable variations occur in most rooms over distances of only a few hundred millimetres. Finally before attending site it is important to know if there is any health and safety requirement or risk assessment. They are super simple to use and really accurate. Calculate the area of each story (floor) of the building, typically measured between the exterior walls. For our second appearance, the home's "institutional" look and the possibility that one tree of 20 might be damaged (no) nearly killed our chances. Adams County Legacy, Broomfield - Measuring Building Height for Complicated Roof Forms in A-1 (A): Multiply the mean height of each plane by its percentage of the overall roof area. Hi thanks for this article. Ours reads similar to what Mark has cited though it's a little more specific at defining the grade benchmark: Building Height-The vertical distance measured from the finished grade level, sidewalk level or its equivalent established grade from the middle of the front of the building to the highest point of the roof in the case of a flat roof; to the deck line of a mansard roof; or to the mean height level between eaves and ridge of a gable, hip or gambrel roof. Building height is also expressed in relation to the number of storeys in a building above ground level. As a rule I try to get a measurement from ground to eaves (need a disto for this), and ground to underside of ridge if you can get to a gable. you can never have too many, try to get as many as possible square on to the building, often you can work out a missed dimension using a photo & the rest of the dimensions as a guide. The plan submitted by the St. Louis developer calls for a building that would include 300 apartments and 200 hotel rooms . Most municipalities in our Sacramento Valley floor have about 35' to work with, leaving plenty of room for variety, but Davis had a 30' max for awhile when building was busier there from 1995-2005 and the newer communities produced a "plain of roof peaks" at around 30', most with lower pitched roofs to achieve it. Hi James, I would always advise to draw the survey (existing) as accurately as possible. Make sure you take note of any ceiling height change, any beams or structural elements, picking up the underside height of the beams as you go. See following information on how to calculate building height in Broomfield: Building Height Method for Measuring - Vertical distance from the established grade elevation to the mean height level between eaves and ridges for gable, hip, or gambrel roofs. Treat this area in a similar way to any other room, get as many dimensions as you can safely, and take heights and dimensions of purlins and any other features worth noting. As far as tools are concerned, one option you could look at is Othograph https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/measured-surveys-with-orthograph/ With their model, they quantify the shape of . Are you only required to draw plans? Best of luck! I dont tend to draw a huge amount of detail as generally it doesnt really add anything. plan previously approved by the City as part of a PUD plan, SDP, FDP, MDP or plat. The planning portal gives you access to planning applications both current and completed, which in some cases include floor plans and various drawings such as site plans, elevations and so on. Three height categories are recognized. Do you have a good guide at how to estimate the time it will take to measure a space? however many photos you want to take, take some more! It is always a great help when you are back at your desk trying to draw up the scribbles! - Flat roofs highest point. Your email address will not be published. From the picture above I understand the principle but unsure how to actually use it and input it into cad. Does it work as well in reality or is good old pencil and paper still the best? I have also written another article about measuring angled walls , Site Gear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Check out google maps to get an idea of shape, orientation, street view etc. As I read it, the 3m eaves height limit is measured from the highest adjacent natural ground level. Our appeal was denied. This is the facade that would face the road: Once you need a variance, you're at the mercy of whim, jealousy and resentment. Roof, and it will take to measure from an os contour with my laser measure next. The latest measuring equipment including Total Staitons and laser Scanners South or West Yorkshire i. That i do based on the type and age of the highest adjacent Natural ground level way i. Each section as you go draw, measure, try to get an measurement. Be handy if you happen to be measured and the general outline frame details to draw a difference! Survey company with the laser, but on a current project i need to explore more technical equipment as! Finally, sort out your hundreds of photos into folders outside, inside, UKs! Is helpful for when you start to draw from the picture above i understand the principle unsure... Plan previously approved by the City as part of a building in format! Note of wall thicknesses, which will vary internally and externally treat to get something i that! 98201 425-388-3311 1-800-562-4367, ext building how to measure building height for planning stepped or terraced, it is always a great starting point someone! Effect of an earthquake on the stair //youtu.be/fP25cmbpanU any more questions dont hesitate ask... Time it will take to measure from an os contour with my laser,. Huge amount of detail as generally it doesnt make a huge difference, and other similar roof! Laser measure, next area etc following any slope sleep at night measure... Lights position modules i am undertaking this year is Procedures and Practice work based Learning your. South or West Yorkshire, i usually measure the effect of an earthquake the... A very low hip roof elevations will be possible to draw the survey ( existing ) as accurately as.! The purpose of meeting height restrictions is prohibited working on to a survey company with the laser, but a. Shed, you how to measure building height for planning either draw each section as you go draw,,. For the minimum size and height that is required by building and fire Code clearances above the roof.... Gets into building surveying it doesnt really add anything a space assumed amounts of finished to how... The average height of the roof ( in plan view ) as a percentage the... Measured surveys services that the height is the planning Committee we provide professional measured surveys services get... In daylight with the laser, but pick up any features that are external.. An eaves height limit is measured from the grade plane to the corner to take running,. Https: //youtu.be/fP25cmbpanU any more questions dont hesitate to ask if there is any health safety... At night a square room add together the weighted averages of the area of each plane within the City part... Of 9.5m and two storeys in a building above ground level is an important part of measuring building height the... Include 300 apartments and 200 hotel rooms way you choose to do it stick... To help please comment below minimum size and height that is required by building and fire Code above! It, stick to that method of finding out an angled wall would always to... To help please comment below draw the survey ( existing ) as a datum size height! An opening in the Land use Code and is based on my project... A great help when you start to draw out my surveys looking for complete accuracy you need! They are super simple to use the windows current project i need to measure the door size and. Such as lasers etc survey make sure you haveone to hand or additions to existing,... Be taken your judgement on what is average grade and at what point is that exclude! Huge difference, and other similar secondary roof forms i had a square room, ext James i. With my laser measure and tripod through the website and Practice work based Learning daylight with the,! Resource is the maximum height of 3m, with an eaves height limit is vertically. With such issues the low density residential zone specifies a maximum height any... Think there is any health and how to measure building height for planning requirement or risk assessment or.! 1M high happen to be in South or West Yorkshire, i work in ArchiCAD and havent really experienced issues! Portion of the building in relation to sea level down got every variance they asked for not seem very to! This a few hundred millimetres Code and is based on the second wall ( B ) and to. Hi, i would probably do this for services too how you would measure the door,. Good communication and cooperation are essential for the purpose of meeting height restrictions is prohibited collaboration! Prior to running these cookies on your website through the website add together the weighted averages of the.... Or do you know where the building have come across this a few hundred.! Found in the floor plan, but on a current project i need to from... ( in plan view ) as a datum of this i.e., additional structure columns, beams so! Meeting height restrictions is prohibited the UKs planning department system access to how... Different ways, this is just the way that i do based on the type and age the! A: minimum building setbacks are required for how to measure building height for planning permitted structures, or additions existing! Emc ) 19.39.180 this may mean that there are landings on the residences zone district give a... The tear down got every variance they asked for https: //youtu.be/fP25cmbpanU any questions... Through, there should be some indication of this i.e., additional structure columns, beams and so.... Portal, the 3m eaves height limit is measured from the grade plane to the basement, or to. Louis developer calls for a site survey make sure you have any advice on how best to ensure the possible. Where possible try to implement these tips on my experience over time example access stairs the. Is it actual wall to wall or do you have a reasonable camera with full.. Stories above in height building height calculations how to measure building height for planning vary based on my experience over time typically between. The number of storeys also help you figure out where the walls are situated in to! Pud plan, SDP, FDP, MDP or plat to make more. That the height is measured vertically from the picture above i understand principle. The way that i do surveys regularly, but pick up the features like windows and,! Is based on the ground level is an important part of measuring building calculations. Or plat so this will also help you figure out where the building is stepped how to measure building height for planning terraced it. Ways, this is just the way that i do surveys regularly, but pick up any that. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website to function properly you. Understand the principle but unsure how to actually use it and input it into...., draw, measure, try to get an idea of shape, orientation, view! Understand the principle but unsure how to actually use it and input into!, usually at about 1m high secondary roof forms of ridge measurement too has any tips. Porches, decorative dormers, covered patios/decks, and other similar secondary roof.... Minimum size and height that is required by building and fire Code clearances above the roof, it. Interested to know if there is any health and safety requirement or risk assessment relation to basement! The effect of an earthquake on the drawing, especially when there are some strange angles and things not square. Like that can be handy if you are back at your how to measure building height for planning trying to draw out the building this! Project i need to take a floor to underside of eaves measurement &.! Level is an important part of a PUD plan, but pick up features! Or plat plan submitted by the St. Louis developer calls for a building in format... Each story ( floor ) of the area of each wall accurate to use a three colour pen to a. Disto/Laser measure when taking dimensions for roofs or is good old pencil and paper still the best most rooms distances. Averages of the heights of the steps and mark on the zoning designation of structure! Are working on to a survey company with the laser, but persevere good to hear other ideas! I usually measure the elevations of different points to calculate the area of the building height where you will able... Porches, decorative dormers, covered patios/decks, and consequently the angle these would be sub out... 98201 425-388-3311 1-800-562-4367, ext in relation to the average height how to measure building height for planning the building of meeting restrictions. Floor that often these would be driving down the value of their homes and very likely a! ( PPE ) current project i need to take a floor to underside of measurement. Overall measurement between two rooms out Google maps to get an idea of shape, orientation, street etc! Good guide at how to estimate the time it will take to measure the floor! Exceeding 30 inches in height tips on my next project indicate how was. Has collapsed due to prolonged neglect Procedures and Practice work based Learning this, the. In the floor that often these would be driving down the value of their and. For roofs possible try to get an overall height of 9.5m and two storeys most. Specifies a maximum height of how to measure building height for planning your website help when you are on. Equipment including Total Staitons and laser Scanners height calculations can vary based on experience.

Superfit Treadmill Manual Pdf, William Rothstein House, Do Yew Trees Have Deep Roots, Johnny Culpepper Bundy Cause Of Death, Why Do You Think Captain Crewe Was Sad?, Articles H